Faraday's Method of Liquefaction of Gases
Faraday (1823) used freezing mixtures of ice with various salts for external cooling of gases. The melting of ice and dissolution of salts both are endothermic processes. The temperature of the mixture is lowered up to a temperature when the solution becomes saturated.
Faraday succeeded in liquifying a number of gases such as SO2, CO2, Cl2 and NO by this method. He employed a V-shaped tube in one arm of which the gas was prepared. In the other arm, the gas was liquefied under its own pressure.
The gases liquefied by this method had their critical temperature above or just below the ordinary atmospheric temperature. The other gases including H2, N2 and O2 having low critical points could not liquifie by Faraday's method.
Linde's Method of Liquefaction of Gases
Claude's Method of Liquefaction of Gases
Source: Essentials of Physical Chemistry by B.S.Bahl
